tpy;ypak; Nfup

(1760 - 1834)

tpy;ypak; Nfup Ntj Gj;jfj;ijg; gy nkhopfspy; nkhopngaHj;J> cyfpd; %d;wpy; xU gFjpf;Ff; nfhLj;J cjtpaH. ,d;iwa kprdwp ,af;fq;fspd; je;ij vd;w epiyia mile;jtH tpy;ypak; Nfup vd;W mtiu mtuJ rpW tPl;by; nrUg;G nrg;gdpLk; thypgdhff; fz;ltHfs; vtUk; vjpHghHj;jpUf;fkhl;lhHfs;.

rpWtdhd Nfup

tpy;ypak; Nfup rpWtdhf ,Uf;Fk;NghNj jd;Dila tplhKaw;rpf;F XH vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf tpsq;fpdhH. xU jPur; nraiy nra;a Muk;gpj;J mij tplhJ njhlHe;J nra;J Kbg;ghH. jPur;nray;fspy; kpfTk; tpUg;gk; nfhz;ltH. xUKiw xU kuj;jpd; cr;rpapy; ,Uf;Fk; FUtpf;$l;il Muha;e;J ghHg;gjw;fhf mth; kuj;jpy; VwpaNghJ mtH tOf;fp fPNo tpOe;jhH. fuk; fhy;fspy; mbgl;l mtUf;Ff; fl;Lfs; Nghl;L mtiu mtuJ jhahH gLf;ifapNy gLf;f itj;jhH. Mdhy; rpWtdhd NfupapdhNy Njhy;tpia Vw;Wf;nfhs;sKbatpy;iy. mtH kWgbAk; nrd;W kuj;jpy; Vw me;jf; FUtpapd; $l;ilf; ifapy; nfhz;LtUtij mtH jhahH fz;lhH.

tpy;ypak; tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bfspYk;> gpuahzk; nra;tjpYk; mjpf tpUk;gk; nfhz;ltH. Gjpa epyg; gFjpfisf; fz;L gpbf;Fk; Muha;r;rpahsuhd nfhyk;g]; vd;gtiuj; jd; tho;f;ifapd; ,yl;rpaj;jiytuhff; nfhz;L mtiug; gw;wp Nfup Gfo;e;J NgRtJz;L. MfNt mtUld; goFk; rpWtHfs; mtUf;F nfhyk;g]; vd;W gl;lg;ngaH ,l;L mioj;jdH. ,aw;ifia kfpTk; Nerpf;Fk; rpWtdhf ,Ue;jhH. Mq;fhq;Nf jhd; fhZk; gwitfs;> g+r;rpfs;> nrbfs; Kjypatw;iw vLj;J mitfis Muha;e;J ghHg;gJk; cz;L. Mdhy; mtH jPur; nray;fisAk; gpuahzq;fisAk; Fwpj;j Gj;jfq;fis kpfTk; tpOk;gpg; gbg;gtuhf ,Ue;jhH. gy nkhopfisg; gbj;Jf;nfhs;tjpNy tpUg;gKk; mf;fiwAk; fhl;Lgtuhf Nfup tpsq;fpdhH. rpWtdhf ,Uf;Fk;NghNj yj;jPd; nkhopia mtH gbf;f Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lhH.

nrUg;Gj; ijf;Fk; nrk;khd; Nfup

gd;dpuz;L taJ rpWtdha; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ Nfup jd; gs;spg;gbg;ig epWj;jptpl;lhH. mtH gjpd;dhd;F tajhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mtUila je;ijahH nrUg;Gj;ijf;Fk; nrk;khd; xUtUf;F cjtpahsdhf Nfupia mkHj;jpdhH. me;j ehl;fspNy Nfupf;F khHf;f rk;ge;jkhd fhupaq;fspy; rpWJ tpUg;gk; ,y;yhjpUe;jJ. mtH XH Myaj;jpd; ghlfH FOtpNy NrHe;J ghly;fisg; ghbdhH. xU rpwe;j fpwp];j FLk;gj;jpNy mtH gpwe;jpUe;jhH vd;gnjy;yhk; cz;ikjhd;> Mdhy; jdJ ghlfH ez;gHfSld; NrHe;J gy rkak; jtwhf MizapLtJ> ngha; nrhy;tJ> fPo;j;jukhd fijfisg; NgRtJ ,itfspy; mtH tpUg;gk; fhl;bdhH. thHL vd;Dk; thypgd; mtNuhL rf gapw;rpahsdhf nrUg;Gf; filapy; gapw;rp ngw;W te;jhd;. thHbd; Mokhd mirf;fKbahj fpwp];jt IPtpaj;jpd; ew;rhl;rp tpy;ypak; Nfupapidj; njhl;lJ. tpy;ypak; mt;tg;NghJ nIgpf;f Muk;gpj;jhH. xUKiw tpy;ypak; jd;Dila vIkhddpd; ehzak; xd;wpid vLj;Jr; nrytopj;Jtpl;L mjw;Fg; gjpyhf XH cile;j nry;yhj ehzaj;ij itj;Jtpl;lhH. Mdhy; mtUila vIkhd; mijf; fz;Lgpbj;J vy;yhUf;Fk; Kd;ghf mtiu mtkhdg;gLj;jptpl;lhH. ,e;j mDgtk; Nfup jd; ,jaj;ij Mz;ltUf;F xg;Gf;nfhLf;f elj;jpaJ. tpy;ypak; ghtj;ijf; Fwpj;J Mokhf czHj;jg;gl;lhH. ,ij mwpe;j mtUila NghjfH mtiu mioj;J ,NaR fpwp];Jitj; jd; tho;f;ifapy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjpd; %ykhf kl;LNk mtH gps;isahf KbAk; vd;gij mtUf;F tptupj;jhH. mJ kl;Lky;y> ey;y gps;isahf tho;f;if elj;JtNjh> my;yJ xOq;fhf Myaj;jpw;Fr; nry;YtNjh xUtid fpwp];Jtpd; gps;isahf khw;whJ vd;gijAk; mtUf;Fj; njspthf tptupj;jhH. ,itfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; Nfl;f Nfl;f mtH kpfTk; Mokhfj; njhlg;gl;lgbapdhNy kpfTk; mjpfkhff; fjwp mOjhH. kdNtjid mile;J mtH Koq;fhypy; epd;W fHj;juhfpa ,NaR fpwp];JNt> vd;Dila cs;sj;jpy; te;J vd;Dila ghtq;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; fOtpaUSk;. ,g;NghJjhNd ehd; ck;ik Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Maj;jkhf ,Uf;fpNwd; vd;W $wpdhH. mg;NghNj ,NaR fpwp];J mtUila ,Ujaj;jpy; te;jhH. mtH GJ rpU];bahf khw;wg;gl;lhH.

tpy;ypak; Gjpa nrUg;Gfisj; ijg;gJk; gioaitfisg; gOJ ghHg;gJkhd NtiyNahL epy;yhky; ,q;fpyhe;J Njrj;jpy; cs;s Nkhy;ld; vd;Dk; gl;lzj;jpd; xU rpw;whyaj;jpy; Nghjfuhff; gzp Vw;whH. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ,uhI;aj;ij tpuptilar; nra;tNj vd;Dila Kjd;ikahd gzp vd;Wk;> ehd; nrUg;Gfisr; nrg;gdpLtJk;> nrUg;Gfisj; ijg;gJk; vd;Dila nrytpd; Njitfisg; g+Hj;jp nra;tjw;F kl;LNk vd;Wk; mtH mbf;fb $wpf;nfhs;tJ cz;L. mtH nrUg;Gfisj; ijj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ mth gf;fj;jpNy xU Gj;jfj;ij itj;J thrpj;Jf;nfhz;bUg;ghH. ,t;tpjkhf mth fpNuf;F> ,yj;jPd; nkhopfisf; fw;whH. ,J kl;Lky;yhky; mtH vgpnuA > gpnuQ;R> ,j;jhyp> lr;R mfpa nkhopfisAk; fw;gjw;fhf 15 fpNyhkPl;lH J}uk; elf;fTk; Kd;te;jhH.

Nghjfuhd tpy;ypak;